Alvarinho is one of Portugal’s most esteemed white grapes, known for producing wines of remarkable depth, minerality, and complexity. Its profile is rich with vibrant notes of peach, citrus, and subtle tropical florals. Primarily cultivated in the Vinho Verde sub-region of Monção and Melgaço, near the Spanish border, Alvarinho yields fuller-bodied wines with higher alcohol compared to other Vinho Verde varieties. While often enjoyed in its youth for its fresh character, this grape also has excellent aging potential, gradually developing layers of texture and nuance. Its reputation is expanding beyond its traditional heartland, as winemakers across Portugal recognize its potential.

Arinto is a grape prized for its crisp acidity and minerality, making it a key component in many Portuguese white blends. It thrives in Bucelas, just north of Lisbon, where it produces elegant, citrus-driven wines with a lively, refreshing quality. Due to its ability to retain acidity even in warm climates, Arinto is also widely planted in the Alentejo, where it balances richer varieties. Known as Pedernã in the Vinho Verde region, this grape is a cornerstone of Portuguese sparkling wines, adding structure and finesse.

Hailing from the Dão region, Encruzado is considered one of Portugal’s finest white grape varieties. It produces full-bodied wines with delicate floral and citrus aromas, often complemented by a mineral undertone. While it shines in a pure, unoaked style, Encruzado also responds exceptionally well to barrel aging, gaining complexity and richness over time. Its natural balance of acidity and fruit intensity ensures longevity, making it a favorite among collectors and connoisseurs.

Portugal’s most widely planted white grape, Fernão Pires, also known as Maria Gomes in some regions, is celebrated for its intensely aromatic character. Its profile is reminiscent of Muscat, with bright citrus flavors and floral notes. When harvested early, it produces fresh, youthful wines, while later harvests can yield richer, even sweet styles. Predominantly grown along the western coast, including Setúbal, Tejo, Lisboa, and Bairrada, Fernão Pires is also a key grape in Portugal’s sparkling wine production.

Baga is the defining grape of the Bairrada region, known for its high tannins and acidity. When young, Baga wines can be firm and austere, but with proper aging, they evolve into complex expressions with notes of cherry, damson, cedar, and tobacco. In warmer vintages or with careful vinification, Baga can produce dense, structured wines with impressive longevity. Additionally, it serves as a base for high-quality Portuguese sparkling wines.

Castelão is the signature red grape of southern Portugal, particularly thriving in the sandy soils of Palmela on the Setúbal Peninsula. It produces robust, fruit-driven wines with vibrant raspberry notes that, over time, develop into complex flavors of cedar and tobacco. Castelão is highly adaptable, showcasing both youthful freshness and remarkable aging potential.

One of Portugal’s most versatile red grapes, Tinta Roriz (known as Aragonez in Alentejo) plays a crucial role in both Port and table wines. It delivers structured, fruit-forward wines with aromas of red berries, plums, and blackberries. Often used in blends, it enhances wines with firm tannins and excellent aging potential, particularly when paired with softer, more aromatic varieties like Trincadeira.

As the most widely planted grape in the Douro Valley, Touriga Franca is a fundamental component of both Port and Douro red wines. It contributes deep color, rich aromatics, and a structured body, often displaying floral notes alongside dark berry flavors. Touriga Franca is a vital blending partner, adding finesse and complexity to many of Portugal’s top wines.

Often regarded as Portugal’s flagship red grape, Touriga Nacional is celebrated for its intensity and depth. It produces deeply colored, full-bodied wines with complex aromas of violets, blackcurrants, raspberries, and hints of bergamot. Originally from the north, it is now cultivated throughout Portugal, consistently delivering wines with remarkable structure, elegance, and aging potential. It is a cornerstone of both high-quality table wines and fortified Port wines.

Trincadeira, also known as Tinta Amarela in the Douro, is a grape that thrives in Portugal’s warmer regions, particularly in Alentejo. It contributes lively acidity, bright raspberry flavors, and intriguing spice and herbal notes. While sensitive to humidity, Trincadeira excels in dry conditions, yielding wines with a distinctive balance of freshness and complexity. It is commonly blended with Aragonez and other varieties to enhance both structure and aromatic appeal.